Whenalotofpatientsappearinthelifehematicsymptom,becausebeashamedtospeak,add\"10people9hemorrhoids\"oftheviewmisdirect,thinkoneselfarehaemorrhoidattack,tooktheattitudeofegoavoidandlookdownupon,littleimaginethiskindofpracticecanlet\"it\"hadanopportunity,this\"it\"itisrectumcancer!

我们都知道痔疮是最常见的直肠良性疾病，是因为直肠下段和肛管静脉充血、淤积，从而造成静脉扩大和曲张，形成了静脉团，俗称痔疮，便血是其常见的症状。

Weallknowthathemorrhoidsisthemostcommonbenignrectaldisease,becausethelowerrectumandanalveincongestion,congestion,resultingintheexpansionofveinsandvaricose,formedagroupofveins,commonlyknownashemorrhoids,bloodystoolisitscommonsymptoms.

而直肠癌是发生于直肠的恶性肿瘤，在早期最常见的症状也是便血，与痔疮非常相似。因此临床诊断时二者常常混淆，尤其是两种疾病并存时，检查发现有痔疮后，往往就局限于痔疮的治疗，很可能延误直肠癌的治疗。

Andrectumcanceristhemalignanttumorthatproducesatrectum,thecommonnestsymptomininearlieralsoisstoolblood,verysimilarwithhaemorrhoid.Therefore,thetwoareoftenconfusedinclinicaldiagnosis,especiallywhenthetwodiseasescoexist,theexaminationfoundhemorrhoids,oftenlimitedtothetreatmentofhemorrhoids,islikelytodelaythetreatmentofrectalcancer.

一、如何鉴别是直肠癌？

One,howtodifferentiateisrectumcancer?

1、血便：勿与痔疮混淆

1,blood:donotbeconfusedwithhemorrhoids

痔疮出血：“被动”出血，多由排便时大便擦伤痔疮患处，血液多数是随着大便排出后滴下来，与粪便不相混合，大便表面带血，便血的颜色多为鲜红色。

Haemorrhoidhaemorrhage:\"passive\"haemorrhage,bydefecatewhendefecatemoreabradehaemorrhoidisaffectedplace,bloodmostlyistocomedownasthedropafterdefecateeduction,donotmixwithfeces,defecatesurfacetakesblood,thecolorofdefecatebloodisbrightredmore.

直肠癌出血：“主动”出血，肿瘤本身表面破溃，不断地出血或渗血。为陈旧性出血，因此血液颜色多呈暗红或果酱色，时间长了甚至大便内的血液会变成黑色。

Rectalcancerbleeding:"bleeding,thesurfaceofthetumoritselfbroken,continuousbleedingorbleeding.Foroldsexhaemorrhage,becausethisbloodcolorshowsdarkredmoreorjamcolor,timegreweventhebloodinsidedefecatecanbecomeblack.

2、蛋清样或脓样黏液分泌

2.Secretionofmucuslikeeggwhiteorpus

因直肠癌破坏直肠黏膜而产生黏液分泌，以及继发局部感染流脓，所以大便本身还会带有黏液和脓液，被称为脓血便。

Becauserectumcancerdestroysrectummucosaandproducemucustosecrete,andafterwardshairlocalinfectionflowspus,sodefecateitselfstillcancontainmucusandpusfluid,becalledabscessblooddefecate.

3、排便规律的改变

thechangeofdefecationlaw

直肠癌作为实体肿瘤，位置固定，质地较硬，会导致直肠壁僵硬、受压，肿瘤的反复刺激使患者有排便不尽感。如果肿瘤进一步生长，还会导致直肠管腔狭窄，甚至部分堵塞直肠，从而导致大便困难、大便变细等，少数患者还会因直肠梗阻出现腹痛、腹胀等。

Rectalcancer,asasolidtumor,isfixedinpositionandhardintexture,whichwillleadtotherigidityandcompressionoftherectumwall.Repeatedstimulationofthetumormakesthepatienthaveanendlesssenseofdefecation.Ifthetumorfurthergrowth,willalsoleadtorectallumenstenosis,orevenpartialblockageoftherectum,resultingindifficultstool,stoolthinning,asmallnumberofpatientsalsoduetorectalobstructionabdominalpain,abdominaldistension.

4、因肿瘤消耗，食欲减退、消瘦、贫血。

4,becausethetumorconsumption,appetiteloss,weightloss,anemia.

二、如何诊断患上直肠癌？

Howtodiagnoserectalcancer?

答案是进行肛门指检，肛肠医师通过手指触及患者直肠四周黏膜进行检查。一般说来，肛门指检能发现75％以上的直肠癌。但是受限于医生手指的长度，直肠上端的肿瘤往往难以探及，因此必要时患者可进行肠镜检查，肠镜检查几乎能发现所有的结直肠癌。

Theansweristoperformadigitalexaminationoftheanus.Theproctologistexaminesthemucosaaroundtherectumbytouchingthepatient'sfingers.Saycommonly,anuspointstoanexaminationtobeabletodiscover75%ofaboverectumcancer.However,duetothelimitationofthelengthofthedoctor'sfingers,thetumorsattheupperendoftherectumareoftendifficulttoreach,sopatientscanhavecolonoscopywhennecessary.Colonoscopycanfindalmostallcolorectalcancer.

深圳天元中医肛肠医院专家提醒：晚期直肠癌患者5年生存率为10%，而早期直肠癌患者5年生存率则可高达90%。因此，直肠癌不可怕，可怕的是发现和治疗太晚。“早发现三个月，多活三十年。”可见直肠癌的早期检查防治对直肠癌的预后尤为重要。